Journal of Environmental Biology

Phytochemical profiling, antidiabetic and cardio-protective efficacy of a polyherbal blend in Type 2 diabetic Wistar Rats

S. Dey and U. Dutta*     

Cell and Molecular Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati-781 001, India

Received: 05 September 2025                   Revised: 20 December 2025                   Accepted: 24 January 2026

*Corresponding Author Email : umadutta1965@gmail.com                 *ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4917-4928

Abstract

Aim: This study investigated the efficacy of a novel phytotherapeutic formulation comprising the stem of Tinospora cordifolia and leaves of Neolamarckia cadamba, Alternanthera brasiliana and Moringa oleifera against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM in Wistar rats.

Methodology: Plant materials were collected, authenticated, extracted, and analysed through qualitative phytochemical screening, and GC–MS for bioactive compounds. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: healthy control, diabetic control, metformin-treated (200 mg kg^-1 b.wt.), and formulation-treated (150 mg kg^-1 b.wt.). Body weight, food intake, serum biochemical parameters, marker oxidative stress enzyme profile, echocardiography profile, and histopathology of the pancreas and heart were assessed for each group following the standard methods.

Results: The phytotherapeutic formulation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic rats compared with diabetic controls (p < 0.01) and showed comparable efficacy to metformin. Body weight loss in diabetic rats was markedly attenuated in the formulation group. STZ-induced T2DM caused elevated glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, creatinine, SGOT, and SGPT, alongside decreased insulin levels (p<0.05). Treatment with the formulation effectively restored these biochemical parameters and increased serum insulin in a time-dependent manner.

Interpretation: The polyherbal formulation exhibited potent antihyperglycemic, lipid-lowering, and organ-protective effects in T2DM rats, supporting its potential for further clinical evaluation.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Hyperglycemia, Phytoactive compounds, Polyherbal formulation, Streptozotocin

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