Journal of Environmental Biology

Influence of localized skin level temperature on blood velocity in peripheral artery

K. Sankar¹, R. Kalpana¹* and R. Nandhini²     

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai-602 105, India

²Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai-602 105, India

Received: 16 June 2025                   Revised: 29 September 2025                   Accepted: 06 November 2025

*Corresponding Author Email : kalpana.r@rajalakshmi.edu.in                  *ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3097-315X

Abstract

Aim: To study the influence of skin temperature on peripheral arteries, with increase in the surrounding temperature.

Methodology: The experiment was carried out by increasing the room temperature through resistive heaters, and the velocity of blood in peripheral arteries, like brachial, radial, and tibial, was measured through ultrasound technique. Among these three, the response of the brachial artery was higher. Therefore, the inverse response of brachial artery was studied by finding the effect of a change in the blood velocity on skin temperature. For this, the upper arm with brachial artery was numerically modelled with fluid and thermal properties. To create a change in blood velocity, a block of two different sizes were introduced in the brachial artery, which resulted in three models, one being normal and the other two with stenosis.

Results: When executed in COMSOL Multiphysics with suitable boundary and initial conditions, the result showed that the velocity of blood increased by 30% with stenosis, which in turn increased the surface temperature to 2°C, as equivalent to the outcome of the thermal study.

Interpretation: This observation clearly proves the mutual effect of surrounding temperature with time of exposure and velocity in brachial artery. Hence, temperature distribution on the upper arm becomes an additional parameter during any medical procedure.

Key words: Brachial artery, Fluid-thermal Coupling, Thermographic imaging

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