Larvicidal activity of the extracts from different parts of the plant Solanum xanthocarpum against important mosquito vectors in the arid region

S.K. Bansal, Karam V. Singh and Suresh Kumar

Desert Medicine Research Centre (ICMR), New Pali Road, Jodhpur - 342 005, India

(Received: May 09, 2007 ; Revised received: September 22, 2007 ; Accepted: October 03, 2007)

Abstract: Larvicidal efficacy of the aqueous and methanol extracts from green unripe and yellow ripe fruits, seeds, leaves and roots of the plant Solanum xanthocarpum was evaluated against Anopheles culicifacies, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, the important mosquito vectors prevalent in the arid region.  Studies were carried out on late 3^rd or early 4^th instar larvae of these species using standard WHO technique. Based on concentration mortality data LC₅₀  and LC₉₀  values along with their fiducial limits, regression equation, chi-square (l²)/ heterogeneity of the response have been determined by log probit regression  analysis. The 24 hr LC₅₀  values as observed for aqueous extracts for green unripe and yellow ripe fruits were 112.7, 498.2 and 846.3 mgl^-1 and 104.7, 267.7 and 832.2 mg l^-1 for Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus respectively. However, the 24 hr LC₅₀ values for methanol extracts of yellow ripe fruits and seeds were   51.6, 52.2, 118.3 and 157.1 mg l^-1 and 66.9, 73.7, 123.8 and 154.9 mg l^-1 for the above four vector species respectively.  The results showed that larvae of anophelines were much more susceptible as compared to culicines to both the aqueous and methanol extracts from fruits and seeds of the plant tested. The methanol extracts were found 2-5 times more effective as compared to the aqueous extracts. The chi-square values calculated during the analysis did not show any heterogeneity of the response. Experiments conducted with aqueous and methanol extracts from leaves and roots of this plant species didn’t show any larvicidal activity against any of the mosquito species tested.  The study would be of great importance while formulating vector control strategy based on alternative plant based insecticides.

Key words:  Larvicidal, Solanum xanthocarpum, Vector mosquitoes, Arid region

PDF of full length paper is available with author (*bansalshivk@hotmail.com)

Copyright © 2009 Triveni Enterprises. All rights reserved. No part of the Journal can be reproduced in any form without prior permission. Responsibility regarding the authenticity of the data, and the acceptability of the conclusions enforced or derived, rest completely with the author(s).