Journal of Environmental Biology

Chitosan extracted from Portunus sanguinolentus (three-spot swimming crab) shells: its physico-chemical and biological potentials

J. Pradhan¹*, B. Baisakhi¹, B.K. Das², K. Jena³, S. Ananta³ and D. Mohanty²     

¹Department of Zoology, Kuntala Kumari Sabat Women’s College, Balasore-756 001, India

²ICAR- Central Inland Fishery Research Institute, Barrackpore-700 120, India

³Central Tasar Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Ranchi-835 303, India

Received: 17 October 2023                   Revised: 21 November 2023                   Accepted: 06 December 2023

*Corresponding Author Email : jyotirmayee_sahani@yahoo.com                          *ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6466-0874

Abstract

Aim: To summarize the extraction, physio-chemical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of extracted chitosan from the exoskeleton of three-spot swimming crab, Portunus sanguinolentus as compared to commercial chitosan.

Methodology: Chitosan biopolymer was extracted through demineralisation, deproteinization and deacetylation.  The physico-chemical characterization of the extracted chitosan was carried out using Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Colorimetric analysis. Antibacterial activity using different concentrations of chitosan against Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila were tested by disc-diffusion method, while antioxidant activity was estimated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and H₂O₂ scavenging assay.

Results: Crab chitosan (CC) showed the maximal zone of inhibition (17.00±0.50 and 15.16±0.577 mm), while commercial chitosan (CMC) showed 12.67±0.577 and 14.17±0.288 mm) against E. coli and A. hydrophila respectively. The scavenging potential of extracted chitosan ranged from 14 to 17% at different concentrations (0.05 to 0.2 mg ml^-1). Crab chitosan efficiency to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals varied from 7.2 to 12.98% at different concentrations (0.05 to 0.2 mg ml^-1).

Interpretation: Overall, the extracted chitosan exhibited properties to commercial chitosan, suggesting that it could be utilized as a dietary supplement in the fishery sector to protect against bacterial infections. This circular economy approach could significantly benefit sustainable waste management and environmental health.

Key words: Antibacterial, Biopolymer, Chitosan, Crab, Portunus sanguinolentus

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