Production
of surfactin from novel Bacillus spp. isolated from
soil
and its antifungal properties
N. Abirami1, J. Jesteena1
and R. Ragunathan2*
1Department of
Microbiology, Centre for Bioscience and Nanoscience Research, Coimbatore–641
021, India
2Department of
Biotechnology, Centre for Bioscience and Nanoscience Research, Coimbatore–641
021, India
*Corresponding
Author Email :
cbnrcindia@gmail.com *ORCiD:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4416-6232
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Abstract
Aim:
This research aimed to screen the biosurfactant-producing bacteria from soil,
especially for the betterment of the environment in terms of bioremediation
and biodegradation of lipids and hydrocarbons.
Methodology: Bacillus spp. isolated from the soil was
cultured and inoculated into different mineral media such as Glucose,
Sawdust, and Bagasse mineral media. The surfactin was extracted and the
activity was studied using oil emulsification test, oil spreading assay, and
drop collapse assay. Bacillus spp. that provided better results were
sequenced and submitted to NCBI. The surfactin of the specific bacteria was
characterized using TLC, UV-vis spectra, and FTIR analysis. Finally, the
antifungal activity assay was performed against Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus
spp., and Aspergillus niger.
Results:
Bacillus species subjected to gene sequencing was identified as Bacillus
mycoids strain ARJCBNR (On464184). UV-vis spectra and FTIR analyses
revealed various functional groups such as 3356.14 cm-1 (N-H
stretch), 1635.64 cm-1 (C=O amide), and 1211 cm-1 (C-O
stretch) representing the surfactin compound between 4000 and 500 cm-1.
Upon antifungal activity, sawdust-extracted surfactin had a higher zone of
inhibition against all the tested fungi.
Interpretation: This study
revealed that Bacillus spp. can utilize agro-industrial waste as substrate to
produce surfactin. Also, the surfactin extracted from sawdust mineral media
showed higher antifungal activity.
Key words: Bacillus spp., Biosurfactant, Mineral media,
Soil, Surfactin
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