Assessing
influences of farmyard manure addition, elevated CO2, soil
sterilization, soil types, and soil moisture on clothianidin dissipation
kinetics
N.S.
Singh1*, I. Mukherjee1 and E. Varghese2
1ICAR- Indian Agricultural
Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India
2ICAR-Central
Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018, India
*Corresponding
Author Email :
tairenki@gmail.com
*ORCiD:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3955-234X
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Abstract
Aim:
To investigate the effects of farmyard manure addition, elevated CO2,
soil sterilization, dry conditions, field-capacity conditions, and submerged
conditions on clothianidin dissipation from the soil, as well as the effects of
different pH levels, namely, pH 4.0, 7.0, and 9.2, on its dissipation from
the aqueous solutions.
Methodology: Samples were processed by the QuEChERS method from
the soil and the dipping and shaking method from the aqueous solution, and
then analyzed by Shimadzu HPLC-PDA.
Results:
The results revealed that clothianidin dissipation from soil and aqueous
solution best fit first-order kinetics, with the coefficient of determination
r2 value < 0.90. In the soil, varying clothianidin dissipation
was recorded with significant impact and their decreasing dissipation rate
was as follows: submerged conditions (t1/2103.7–107.5 days) >
elevated CO2 (t1/2115.7–143.3 days) > farmyard
manure addition (t1/2130.8–150.5 days) > field-capacity
conditions (t1/2158.4–215.0 days) > dry conditions (t1/2250.8–334.4
days) > soil sterilization (t1/2342.0–376.2 days). In the
aqueous solution, clothianidin dissipation was slow at pH 4.0 (t1/2430
days) but fast at pH 9.2 (t1/2273.6 d days).
Interpretation: The findings
suggest that clothianidin dissipation could be positively affected by FYM
addition, elevated CO2, soil sterilization, dry conditions,
field-capacity conditions, submerged conditions, and aqueous pH level in all
the treatments. This information would help gain a better understanding of
clothianidin dissipation in the environment for good agricultural
practices,proper risk assessment, and monitoring guidelines.
Key words: Aerobic-anaerobic
degradation, Microbial activity, Organic carbon content, Persistence
half-life period
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