Journal of Environmental Biology

Antinociceptive activity of marine derived

chitosan coated triphala extract against

formalin-induced zebrafish pain model

S. Karthick Raja Namasivayam¹*, K.G.P. Avinash², K. Samrat³, P. Krishnaveni³, R.S.A. Bharani⁴,

R.G. Kumar⁴, R.D. Kumar⁴, B. Priyalakshmi⁴ and V. Pattukumar⁵   

¹Department of Research & Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS Deemed University, Chennai-602 405, India

²Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology (Deemed University), Chennai-600 119, India

³Department of Biotechnology, Manonomanium Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli-627 012, India

⁴Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560 054, India

⁵Department of Animal Sciences, Manonmanium Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli-627 012, India

*Corresponding Author Email : biologiask@gmail.com                  *ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2894-1905

Received: 07.03.2022                                                                                           Revised: 19.05.2022                                                                        Accepted: 16.08.2022

Abstract

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of Triphala extract coated with marine derived chitosan against the formalin-induced adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) model.

Methodology: Marine derived chitosan was extracted from Aspergillus niger and the extracted chitosan was coated witha commercial formulation of Triphala by a simple dispersion method. The prepared formulation was administrated to formalin-induced zebra fish model followed by studying changes in various behavioural parameters like swimming pattern, dark-light cycle pattern, antioxidants which include catalase, superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidase, glutathione S. transferase, glutathione peroxidase and the expression pattern of inflammatory markers genes like tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and induced nitrous oxide synthase (, iNOs).

Results: Marine derived chitosan-coated extract reveals notable antinociceptive activity by modulation of behavioural changes and inflammatory marker gene expression. The marine derived chitosan treatment group exhibits normal swimming patterns, dark-light cycle patterns, and morphological parameters as in the control group marine derived chitosan-coated Triphala treatment showed notable changes in the antioxidants. MARINE DERIVED CHITOSAN treatment did not induce any inflammatory signals, confirmed by a less expression pattern of inflammatory marker genes.

Interpretation: These findings imply that marine derived chitosan-coated Triphala can be used as an antinociceptive agent through active phyto-principles involved in the molecular mechanism of pain manifestation.

Key words: Antinociceptive, Chitosan, Marker genes, Triphala, Zebrafish

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