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Journal of Environmental Biology

pISSN: 0254-8704 ; eISSN: 2394-0379 ; CODEN: JEBIDP

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    Abstract - Issue Jan 2020, 41 (1)                                     Back


nstantaneous and historical temperature effects on a-pinene

Pesticides contamination of lactating mothers’ milk in the north-western Himalayan region of India

 

N.D. Sharma1, R.S. Chandel1*, I.D. Sharma1, P.L. Sharma1 and B. Gurung2 

 

1Department of Entomology, YSP University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni-173 230, India

2Division of Forecasting and Agricultural Systems Modelling, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012 India

*Corresponding Author Email : rs_c@rediffmail.com

Paper received: 22.01.2019                                               Revised received: 22.07.2019                                    Accepted: 16.10.2019

 

Abstract

Aim: The study aimed to understand the status of pesticide residues in lactating mother’s milk, identify factors involved in the transfer of pesticide residues and health risk to infants.

Methodology: A total of 153 lactating mothers were selected from four agro-climatic zones varying from subtropics to dry temperate high hills for residue analysis. The extraction and cleanup were performed by QuEChERS method. Residue were analysed by Shimadzu 2010 GC equipped with a 63Ni ECD and confirmed by Shimadzu QP 2010 Plus GC-MS through selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The EDI was compared with the ADI of Σ-DDT (0.02 mg kg-1 body wt d-1) established by FAO/WHO for neonate risk assessment from different pesticides.    

Results: The mean  DDT levels in breast milk were 0.240 mg kg-1 fat (0.011 mg kg-1 milk), 0.171 mg kg-1 fat (0.010 mg kg-1 milk), 0.026 mg kg-1 fat (0.001 mg kg-1 milk) and below detectable limit (BDL) in Zones I (subtropical), II (sub-humid foothills), III (wet temperate high hills) and IV (dry temperate high hills), respectively. The residue levels decreased with an increase in parity and increased with the age or weight of the mothers. The Σ-DDT residues were higher in rural women (0.011 mg kg-1 milk) than urban (0.005 mg kg-1 milk),  housewives (0.009 mg kg-1 milk) than working women (0.007 mg kg-1 milk) and lacto-vegetarians (0.007 mg kg-1 milk) than omnivorous  mothers (0.005 mg kg-1 milk). The estimated daily exposure of neonates to Σ-DDT was considerably lower (0.001 mg kg-1 body weight) than the ADI (0.02 mg kg-1 body weight) indicating no appreciable risk to one-month-old infants.     

Interpretation: Mother's rural habitation, demography and primiparous parity seem to be the major cause for transfer of pesticide residues. The study also advocates a constant bio-monitoring of lactating mothers’ milk for pesticide residues owing to the continuous changes in the pesticide usage pattern.       

Key words: Human milk, Infant exposure, Pesticide residue, Risk assessment

 

 

 

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