Journal of Environmental Biology

Predation and dispersal of Parah tree (Elateriospermum tapos) seeds by red spiny rats (Maxomys surifer) in Khao Nan National Park, Thailand

A. Charoensuk, F.W. Tina, M. Jaroensutasinee* and K. Jaroensutasinee

Center of Excellence for Ecoinformatics, School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat - 80161, Thailand

*Corresponding Author E-mail: mullica.jn@gmail.com

Key words

Elateriospermum tapos seeds

Red spiny rats

Scatter hoarding

Seed predation and dispersal

Publication Data

Paper received : 09.02.2017       

Revised received : 01.06.2017    

Accepted : 07.09.2017

Abstract

Aim: Seed predation and dispersal by scatter-hoarding rodents are important for plant population dynamics and forest structure. In this study, the potential of red spiny rats (Maxomys surifer) as predators, dispersers and scatter-hoarders of Parah (Elateriospermum tapos) seeds was examined in Khao Nan National Park, Thailand.

Methodology: One thousand Parah seeds and 100 rats were used in this experiment. Ten seeds with one rat were set inside a cage. Infrared videos of seed predation and dispersal by the rats were made from 9:00-10:00 p.m. afterwards, the numbers of seeds predated (predated, undamaged, and partially predated), dispersed (non-removed, displaced and removed) and scatter-hoarded were recorded.  

Results: The percentage of undamaged, predated and partially predated seeds, as well as of removed, non-removed, and displaced seeds differed significantly. In both males and females, most of the seeds were undamaged, followed by those predated and partially predated. Additionally, most of the seeds were not removed, followed by those removed and displaced. Both males (35%) and females (37%) scatter-hoarded seeds, and the seed numbers did not differ between sexes. Body weight of rats was positively correlated with the percentage of predated seeds and negatively correlated with the percentage of undamaged seeds, but not with the potentially viable, non-removed, displaced, or removed seeds.   

Interpretation: Red spiny rats act as predators, dispersers and scatter-hoarders of Parah seeds. It indicates that these rats may play an important role in Parah population dynamics.

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