Protective role of Ginkgo biloba on
petroleum wastewater-induced
toxicity in Vicia faba L. (Fabaceae) root tip cells
Kultigin Cavusoglu*1, Kursad Yapar3,
Kadir Kinalioglu1, Zafer
Turkmen1, Kursat Cavusoglu2 and
Emine Yalcin1
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun
University, Debboy
Location, Giresun - 28049, Turkey
2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, S?leyman
Demirel University, Cunur Location,
Isparta - 32260, Turkey
????????????? 3Department of Medical Pharmacology, Internal Medical Sciences
Division, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun
University, 28000, Giresun,Turkey
(Received: September 29, 2008; Revised
received: February
10, 2009; Accepted: March 02, 2009)
Abstract: The Melet is
one of Turkey?s
economically important rivers. Most of the petroleum plants are
located at fairly nearby of the river. This situation is considered as main
source of heavy metal pollution in the river. The present study was designed to
evaluate the protective role of Ginkgo biloba (GB) on
cytotoxicity induced by petroleum wastewater in Vicia faba root tip cells. For
this aim, we used the germination percentage, root length, weight gain and
micronucleus (MN) frequency as indicators of cytotoxicity.
Additionally to the cytological analysis, lipid peroxidation
analyses were also performed in V. faba roots. Heavy
metal concentrations in wastewater were measured by atomic absorption
spectrophotometer (AAS). The V. faba seeds were
divided into six groups. They were treated with petroleum wastewater and 10, 20
and 30 ?M doses of GB. As a result, the mean concentrations of heavy metals in
wastewater were observed in the order: Pb>Al>Ni>Cr>Fe>Cu>Zn>Cd. The highest germination percentage was observed in the
seeds of the control and positive control groups (in proportion as 98 and 96%,
respectively). Wastewater treatment caused a significant decrease in the
germination percentage of Group III (in proportion as 44%). The highest root
length and weight gain were observed in the seeds of the control and positive
control groups at the end of the experimental period. The least root length and
weight gain were observed in the seeds of Group III treated with wastewater
alone. In the control group, the final weights of all the seeds increased about
4.08 g according to initial weight. The root lengths of the control seeds were
measured as 6.80 cm at the end of the experimental period. The final weights of
the seeds exposed to wastewater alone increased about 0.90 g according to
initial weight. Besides, there was a significantly increase in the MDA levels
of the roots exposed to wastewater. Heavy metals in wastewater significantly
affected the MDA production indicating lipid peroxidation.
But, GB-treatment caused amelioration in indices of the germination percentage,
root length, weight gain, MN frequency and lipid peroxidation
when compared with group III. Each dose of GB provided protection against
wastewater toxicity, and its strongest protective effect observed at dose of 30
?M. In vivo results showed that GB is a potential protector against toxicity
induced by petroleum wastewater, and its protective role is
dose-dependent.
Key
words: Cytotoxicity,
Ginkgo biloba, Heavy metal contamination, Lipid peroxidation, Melet river, Vicia faba
??? ????????PDF of full length paper is available
online
Copyright
? 2010 Triveni Enterprises. All rights reserved. No part of the Journal can be
reproduced in any form without prior permission. Responsibility regarding
the authenticity of the data, and the acceptability of the conclusions enforced
or derived, rest completely with the author(s).
